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<channel>
	<title>Chris&#039; Blog &#187; Internet</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/category/technology/internet/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog</link>
	<description>“A metal loving, web developing, open source contributor.”</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sun, 03 Apr 2011 14:36:34 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
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		<item>
		<title>Punching holes in Firewalls</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/11/16/punching-holes-in-firewalls/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/11/16/punching-holes-in-firewalls/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2008 16:37:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[firewall]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[howto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssh]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/?p=402</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is a lot easier than you think. OpenSSH, which can only be described as the best utility of all time, is quite a versatile tool one feature people use frequently is port forwarding. This allows you to open a &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/11/16/punching-holes-in-firewalls/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is a lot easier than you think.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.openssh.com/" rel="external">OpenSSH</a>, which can only be described as the best utility of all time, is quite a versatile tool one feature people use frequently is port forwarding. This allows you to open a port on your computer that forwards the data over the SSH connection to the destination you specify, very useful when needing access to the an intranet web server when you don&#8217;t have a proper VPN set up for example. However, SSH can also do this in reverse! It opens a listening port up on the remote machine which then relays data to the destination you specify. For example you can SSH into a remote host and get SSH to open a port on that host which relays data back to the SSH port on the machine you are connection from, thereby allowing SSH access to a machine where it would normally be impossible.</p>
<p>A practical example:</p>
<pre class="terminal">chris@ktulu:~$ ssh sandman.cs278.org -R 2222:localhost:22</pre>
<p>This connects to the server <var>sandman.cs278.org</var> and opens port 2222 which forwards traffic to <var>localhost:22</var> (localhost is the machine I am connecting from). Once logged into the server I can do this:</p>
<pre class="terminal">chris@sandman:~$ ssh localhost -p 2222</pre>
<p>Which opens a connection back to the remote machine.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Blocking SSH Brute Force attempts using iptables</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/12/blocking-ssh-brute-force-attempts-using-iptables/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/12/blocking-ssh-brute-force-attempts-using-iptables/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Jan 2008 15:53:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[howto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iptables]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kernel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssh]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/12/blocking-ssh-brute-force-attempts-using-iptables/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[After my recent break in I have looked into ways of protecting SSH and my server resources. I employ fail2ban on my main server, it has the resources to run such a programme &#8211; my Linksys NSLU2&#8242;s however do not. &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/12/blocking-ssh-brute-force-attempts-using-iptables/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After my recent <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/10/confession/">break in</a> I have looked into ways of protecting SSH and my server resources. I employ <a href="http://www.fail2ban.org/" rel="external">fail2ban</a> on my main server, it has the resources to run such a programme &#8211; my Linksys NSLU2&#8242;s however do not. The solution is to use iptables to limit the number of connections any host can make in a given time frame. I wrote up a quick <a href="http://noc.cs278.org/wiki/HowTo:Kernel/Block_SSH_Scans">how to</a> on this over at my wiki. Enjoy.</p>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Confession</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/10/confession/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/10/confession/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2008 18:17:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[confession]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hacked]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/10/confession/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[So today I come to you with a confession, I discovered one of my boxen had been successfully attacked and the attacker had by the looks of things used it for launching DDoS attacks. I feel particularly stupid because the &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2008/01/10/confession/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So today I come to you with a confession, I discovered one of my boxen had been successfully attacked and the attacker had by the looks of things used it for launching DDoS attacks. I feel particularly stupid because the entire thing was my fault, I left the root password as root. Although I must stress I didn&#8217;t set it to this, I was using a pre-build debian install because the d-i installer was broken under arm and forgot to change the root password to something a little more secure.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Ekiga VoIP client and SIPGate</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/ekiga-voip-client-and-sipgate/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/ekiga-voip-client-and-sipgate/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2007 17:17:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ekiga]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[networking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[problems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[voip]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/ekiga-voip-client-and-sipgate/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ekiga is a VoIP client for GNOME. I recently registered with SIPGate.co.uk as I am planning to have a go at setting up Asterisk sometime in the near future. Sadly it wasn&#8217;t a well documented process and after searching Google, &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/ekiga-voip-client-and-sipgate/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://ekiga.org/" rel="externa">Ekiga</a> is a <acronym title="Voice over Internet Protocol">VoIP</acronym> client for <a href="http://www.gnome.org/" rel="external">GNOME</a>. I recently registered with <a href="http://www.sipgate.co.uk/" rel="external">SIPGate.co.uk</a> as I am planning to have a go at setting up <a href="http://www.asterisk.org/" rel="external">Asterisk</a> sometime in the near future. Sadly it wasn&#8217;t a well documented process and after searching Google, SIPGate&#8217;s website and Ubuntu Forums for help I found some tips on debugging Ekiga. Armed with this knowledge <kbd>ekiga --debug=[1-6]</kbd> I managed to discover the required ports for successful <acronym title="Network Address Translation">NAT</acronym> traversal. They are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>5060 &#8211; 5100/udp</li>
<li>8000 &#8211; 8012/udp</li>
<li>5004/udp</li>
<li>10000/udp</li>
<li>3478 &#8211; 3497/udp</li>
<li>3478 &#8211; 3497/tcp</li>
<li>1720/udp</li>
<li>30000 &#8211; 30010/tcp</li>
</ul>
<p>I am sure they could be refined and there maybe some that are unnecessary but it <em>Works or Me&trade;</em>, use them at your own risk.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Subversion and Apache Gotcha</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/subversion-and-apache-gotcha/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/subversion-and-apache-gotcha/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2007 16:48:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Subversion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apache]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[errors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[problems]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/subversion-and-apache-gotcha/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[So, this is the second time I have tried to address the problem I was getting with some Subversion repositories I was trying to configure to be served by Apache. I was trying to use the SVNPath directive to serve &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/29/subversion-and-apache-gotcha/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So, this is the second time I have tried to address the problem I was getting with some <a href="http://svn.collab.net/" rel="external">Subversion</a> repositories I was trying to configure to be served by <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/" rel="external">Apache</a>. I was trying to use the <var>SVNPath</var> directive to serve one repository but it was not having any of it, so instead I ended up serving them as a temporary measure using <var>SVNParentPath</var> in the format <var>http://svn.example.com/~name/repos/</var> which is not what I wanted. I am using the <var>Location</var> container in Apache configuration to configure up my repositories, the path I had specified was <var>/~name/</var>. This is where the problem comes in, I would try to checkout the repository over the network and be greeted with a <var>405 Method Not Allowed</var> error like so:</p>
<pre>svn: PROPFIND request failed on '/~name'
svn: PROPFIND of '/~name': 405 Method Not Allowed (http://svn.example.com)</pre>
<p>This stuck me as odd, it seemed the Apache was not serving the repository URI using the WebDAV module. When I gave up on an earlier attempt I reverted to using <var>SVNParentPath</var> and accessing the repository over the URI <var>http://svn.example.com/~name/repos/</var> which worked perfectly and I couldn&#8217;t spot why. Turns out I made a <em>single character</em> mistake, my Apache configuration was set to use the path of <var>/~name/</var> I should have used <var>/~name</var> because <acronym title="Subversion">SVN</acronym> truncates the trailing slash even if you specify it on the command line. Bugger!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Another Thunderbird Tip</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/22/another-thunderbird-tip/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/22/another-thunderbird-tip/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Nov 2007 12:03:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[thunderbird]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/22/another-thunderbird-tip/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thunderbird&#8217;s default sorting is the wrong way around, IMHO. This has always annoyed me, I found out how to reverse it.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thunderbird&#8217;s default sorting is the wrong way around, IMHO. This has always annoyed me, I found out <a href="http://forums.mozillazine.org/viewtopic.php?p=3075712" rel="external">how</a> to reverse it.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Day the Routers Died&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/14/the-day-the-routers-died/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/14/the-day-the-routers-died/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Nov 2007 20:20:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Humour]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Videos]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/11/14/the-day-the-routers-died/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Watch on YouTube]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: center"><object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.youtube.com/v/_y36fG2Oba0&#038;rel=1" width="425" height="355"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/_y36fG2Oba0&#038;rel=1"></param><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></param></object>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y36fG2Oba0" rel="external">Watch on YouTube</a></p>
</div>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Thunderbird Tip</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/10/26/thunderbird-tip/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/10/26/thunderbird-tip/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Oct 2007 19:10:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/10/26/thunderbird-tip/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[So for ages I have been using Thunderbird combined with server side mail sorting, what has been annoying me for a year or so is that Thunderbird only checks the Inbox folder. I had to manually check all the others &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/10/26/thunderbird-tip/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So for ages I have been using Thunderbird combined with server side mail sorting, what has been annoying me for a year or so is that Thunderbird only checks the Inbox folder. I had to manually check all the others and that got a little tedious, fortunately I <a href="http://roub.net/blahg/archives/2004/10/all_hail_imap_and_thunderbird.html" rel="external">discovered</a> how to get around this.</p>
<p>The trick is to open the configuration editor (Edit -> Preferences -> Advanced) and set the <var>mail.check_all_imap_folders_for_new</var> preference to true. Bingo!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Packages</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/07/15/packages/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/07/15/packages/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Jul 2007 23:02:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/07/15/packages/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have been playing with packaging for Ubuntu and Debian for a while now and I have one fairly useful package called rsnapshot-scripts which contains a bunch of scripts for use with rsnapshot. It allows you to backup other data &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/07/15/packages/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have been playing with packaging for Ubuntu and Debian for a while now and I have one fairly useful package called <a href="http://svn.cs278.org/trac/~chris/packages/wiki/rsnapshot-scripts"><em>rsnapshot-scripts</em></a> which contains a bunch of scripts for use with <dfn>rsnapshot</dfn>. It allows you to backup other data sources like MySQL, DPKG and Subversion.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Debian, Postfix and DKIM</title>
		<link>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/05/25/debian-postfix-and-dkim/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/05/25/debian-postfix-and-dkim/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2007 19:37:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/05/25/debian-postfix-and-dkim/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[So how do I get Postfix to verify and sign messages with the DKIM system, under Debian? Here is how. First we need to install the dependencies. $ sudo aptitude install libdigest-sha{,1}-perl libemail-{address,mime-encodings}-perl libnet-{dns,server}-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl liberror-perl make libmailtools-perl $ sudo &#8230; <a href="http://www.cs278.org/blog/2007/05/25/debian-postfix-and-dkim/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So how do I get Postfix to verify and sign messages with the DKIM system, under Debian? Here is how.</p>
<ol>
<li>First we need to install the dependencies.
<pre class="terminal">$ sudo aptitude install libdigest-sha{,1}-perl libemail-{address,mime-encodings}-perl libnet-{dns,server}-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl liberror-perl make libmailtools-perl</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre class="terminal">$ sudo cpan install Mail::DKIM</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre class="terminal">$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre class="terminal">$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
$ make install</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre class="terminal">$ sudo adduser --system --shell /bin/false --home /var/run/dkimproxy --group dkimproxy</pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre class="terminal">$ sudo mkdir /etc/dkimproxy/
$ cd /etc/dkimproxy/
$ sudo openssl genrsa -out private.key 1024
$ sudo openssl rsa -in private.key -pubout -out public.key
$ sudo chown -R root:dkimproxy .
$ sudo chmod -R a=,u=rwX,g=rX,o=rX .
$ sudo chmod o= private.key</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Sorry, this solution will not run nicely on my NSLU2 so I have abandoned the rest of this documentation &#8211; it should help you somewhat though, hence I am publishing it anyway.</p>
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